The 3-D Printer

      1.    Introduction

3D printers use the additive manufacturing technology where a three dimensional object is formed by laying down layers on top of layers of various materials and bonding them together until the entire object is complete. in additive manufacturing, the 3D printer doesn’t take anything away - it simply creates each bit of the object where it needs it, layer by layer, successively. Each of these layers is a thinly sliced, horizontal cross-section of the eventual object. Imagine a multi-layer cake, with the baker laying down each layer one at a time until the entire cake is formed. 3D printing is similar, but just a bit more precise than 3D baking. the 3D printer could be a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printer, somewhat similar to current 2D inkjet printers but with an additional axis, which deposits droplets of melted material through a nozzle to form each layer. The printer is actually a 2D printer with the capability of shifting information into a third dimension.

      2.    History

The earliest use of 3-D printers was during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Prototypes allow manufacturers a chance to examine an object's design more closely sometimes hours of conceiving the design.

The earliest development of 3-D printing technologies happened at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and at a company called 3D Systems. In the early 1990s,

Today, some of the same 3-D printing technology that contributed to RD is now being used to create finished products The technology continues to improve in various ways, from the fineness of detail a machine can print to the amount of time required to clean and finish the object when the printing is complete. The processes are getting faster, the materials and equipment are getting cheaper, and more materials are being used, including metals and ceramics. Printing machines now range from the size of a small car to the size of a microwave oven.

3.     ADVANTAGES:

3.1   The new Shape of the image

This technology transforms this process; the nozzle of the 3D printer can create many complex figures, being confined only by a person’s imagination. The use of 3D printing technology takes virtual designs from animation modeling software,

3.2    The new Combinations of Material

The 3D printing has eliminated many of these limitations not only because of the initial dependence on plastic, but also because of a constant innovation made by enthusiasts believing that 3D printing’s potential hasn’t been reached yet. Thus, a lot of companies now provide tens of different materials with unique finishes producing the feel and look of glass, ceramics or metal with a variety of strengths and temperature resistance.

3.3   The Less Waste

Creating a similar object with the use of additive manufacturing not only utilizes less energy, but also minimizes waste.

3.4    The Cheap Manufacturing

3-D printing helps companies save up to 70 percent of their manufacturing cost. In the end, this technology makes progressive companies more profitable.

3.5    The Quick Production

The speed of 3D printing is quicker as compared to the traditional method. 3-D printing technologies being able to create an object in a few hours,

4.       Research all over the world

4.1    The Massive environmental impacts

The 3-D printers themselves have inefficiencies that make them less environmentally friendly. An inkjet 3-D printer wastes forty percentage of its ink. And if a printer isn't turned off, it uses an excessive amount of electricity. As the printers become more accessible, manufacturers will need to figure out how to improve these issues.

4.2    The Innovation in Education

In educational sector, the use of 3-D Printers can provide the better view of particles, it is also helpful for students so they can view image in 3-form.

4.3    The 3-D printing in zero-gravity

One of the most logical uses for 3-D printing is printing parts, tools, and other gadgets for astronauts while they're in space. It can also help accelerate the building of parts for the International Space Station. To address these problems,

4.4    The Revolutionizing mass manufacturing

Mass production is the biggest challenge in 3-D printing, but with the adoption of large-scale printers and rapidly evolving technology to produce parts faster, the printers will completely disrupt traditional manufacturing in multiple areas

4.4.1    Food:

Anything that exists in liquid or powder form can be 3-D printed, so naturally, printed food is one of the next big conversations.

4.4.2    Military:

The machinery for the military is often customized and replacements must be made quickly. A 3-D gun has already been printed, so it's only a matter of time before the technology catches on in this industry.

4.4.3    Electronics:

The size, shape, and materials used to make electronics make this industry a natural candidate for 3-D printing.

4.4.4    Toys:

Home 3-D printers and open source design will change the way children create and play.

4.4.5    Automotive:

This industry is already utilizing the technology Ford reportedly uses 3-D printing to test parts. High-end and smaller auto companies will benefit first, though 3-D printing could improve the efficiency of making replacement parts for any company.

4.5    The Changing medicine and healthcare

Bio printing is one of the fastest-growing areas of 3-D printing. The technology uses inkjet-style printers to make living tissue. the most well-known company who does this, plans to commercialize 3-D-printed liver tissue sometime this year. They have also partnered with the National Eye Institute and the National Center for Advancing Transnational Sciences to print eye tissue.

4.6    The Transforming the home

3-D printers are becoming smaller and more affordable, People can print custom jewelry, household goods, toys, and tools to whatever size, shape, or color they want. They will also be able to print make replacement parts right at home, rather than ordering them and waiting for them to be shipped.